The Spiritual Psalter is a collection of hymns by St. Ephrem the Syrian, who was born in 306 AD. He was deacon in the Syrian church and wrote a number of hymns, poems and sermons defending the true Christian faith against a number of heresies that arose in his time. His writings were popular throughout Christendom for centuries after his death, and he is venerated in almost all Christian denominations, and has been declared a Doctor of the Roman Catholic Church.

This collection of hymns was compiled by Bishop Theophan the Recluse (1815 - 1894) and is widely read in Russia.